A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscles or connective tissue. The most common type is an inguinal hernia, where a portion of the intestine protrudes through the abdominal wall in your groin region. The other common area to herniate is around the belly button (known as the umbilicus) and it should be noted both males and females are susceptible for hernias. Understanding the anatomy is crucial in these conditions, with the abdominal muscles and surrounding connective tissue of the abdominal wall play a significant role in supporting and stabilising the abdominal cavity and ultimately preventing a hernia, or helping to rehabilitate from a hernia episode.
Common signs and symptoms of a hernia include:
- Bulging or Swelling: A noticeable lump or swelling in the affected area, often more prominent during activities like coughing or lifting.
- Pain or Discomfort: Discomfort or aching at the site of the hernia, especially when lifting heavy objects or straining.
- Tenderness: The area around the hernia may be tender to the touch.
- Digestive Issues: In some cases, hernias can cause symptoms such as reflux or difficulty with bowel movements.
Several conditions may present with symptoms similar to a hernia. A thorough assessment by a healthcare professional is essential to differentiate and accurately diagnose the underlying issue – this may start with your Physiotherapist but it may also include an assessment from your local GP. Conditions that mimic hernia symptoms include muscle strains, lipomas, and enlarged lymph nodes.
Treatment of a hernia is highly individualised, as it depends on the size and severity of the hernia, the site of the hernia and the clients goals.
- Conservative Management: For small hernias or individuals who are not suitable candidates for surgery, physiotherapy focuses on strengthening the surrounding muscles to provide better support and progressingly getting clients back to their previous level of function safely, strongly and confidently. Exercises targeting the core, pelvic floor, and abdominal muscles are essential components of that rehabilitation journey.
- Pre-operative Rehabilitation: For those awaiting surgery to fix their hernia, pre-operative physiotherapy aims to optimise overall health and strengthen the surrounding muscles. This can enhance post-operative recovery.
- Post-operative Rehabilitation: Following hernia repair surgery, physiotherapy is crucial for a successful recovery. It involves gradual progression of exercises, focusing on core stability, and incorporating proper breathing techniques. Early mobilisation is encouraged to prevent stiffness and promote circulation.
No matter the treatment pathway of an inguinal or abdominal hernia client, patient education is also key to reducing reinjury. Individuals with a history of hernia should be educated about proper body mechanics, lifting techniques, and lifestyle modifications to reduce the risk of hernia recurrence. We also encourage clients to review with our OHL Dietitian to look at minimising hernia risk through appropriate dietary habits and ensuring ongoing happy bowel health.
As you can now appreciate best, optimal hernia rehabilitation will see a physiotherapist at some point. A tailored rehabilitation program, in collaboration with healthcare professionals (GP, potentially surgeon, Physiotherapist and Dietitian), ensures a holistic approach to hernia management, optimising the overall well-being of the individual. If you suspect a hernia or experience related symptoms, consult with an OHL Physiotherapist for a thorough evaluation and appropriate management. You can book via 9431 5955 or via our Client Portal on our website.
